Senin, 16 September 2013

Free Download Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design, by Alvin E. Roth

Free Download Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design, by Alvin E. Roth

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Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design, by Alvin E. Roth

Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design, by Alvin E. Roth


Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design, by Alvin E. Roth


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Who Gets What ― and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design, by Alvin E. Roth

Review

“Mr. Roth’s work has been to discover the most efficient and equitable methods of matching and implement them in the world. He writes with verve and style…Who Gets What—and Why is a pleasure to read.”—Wall Street Journal   “In his fluent and accessible book, Mr Roth vividly describes the successes of market design.”—Economist.com   “In this fascinating, often surprising book, Alvin Roth guides us through the jungle of modern life, pointing to the many markets that are hidden in plain view all around us. He teaches us how markets work—and fail—and how we can build better ones.”—Dan Ariely, author of Predictably Irrational and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty “If you have a market you want to work better, Al Roth is your man.  His new book is fun and compelling—social science at its best.”—N. Gregory Mankiw, Robert M. Beren Professor of Economics, Harvard University and author of Principles of Economics “In a book filled with wit, charm, common sense and uncommon wisdom, Roth challenges traditional economics by emphasizing that markets can often be freer and work much better when they are governed by carefully chosen rules!”—Paul Milgrom, the Shirley and Leonard Ely Professor of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University “The co-recipient of the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences introduces what he calls the new economics of matchmaking and market design….Roth’s case studies illustrate how problems that obstruct successful matches can be identified economically and overcome….An exciting practical approach to economics that enables both individuals and institutions to achieve their goals without running afoul of the profit motive.”—STARRED Kirkus Reviews “Practical as well as theoretical. Understanding how matching markets operate can help readers navigate them more effectively. A solid match for readers in general economics and business collections.”—Library Journal

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From the Inside Flap

A Nobel laureate reveals the often surprising rules that govern a vast array of activitiesboth mundane and life-changingin which money may play little or no role. If youve ever sought a job or hired someone, applied to college or guided your child into a good kindergarten, asked someone out on a date or been asked out, youve participated in a kind of market. Most of the study of economics deals with commodity markets, where the price of a good connects sellers and buyers. But what about other kinds of goods, like a spot in the Yale freshman class or a position at Google? This is the territory of matching markets, where sellers and buyers must choose each other, and price isnt the only factor determining who gets what. Alvin E. Roth is one of the worlds leading experts on matching markets. He has even designed several of them, including the exchange that places medical students in residencies and the system that increases the number of kidney transplants by better matching donors to patients. In Who Gets What and Why, Roth reveals the matching markets hidden around us and shows how to recognize a good match and make smarter, more confident decisions.

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Product details

Hardcover: 272 pages

Publisher: Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; First Edition edition (June 2, 2015)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0544291131

ISBN-13: 978-0544291133

Product Dimensions:

6 x 1.1 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.2 out of 5 stars

93 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#252,289 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

The below is a review of the MP3 audiobook version of this workThis book is an examination of matchmaking in markets where conventional price making does not apply. For example in the market for kidneys, on-line dating services, selection processes used in placing high school students in NY and Boston and universities in general and similar such markets. The book is interesting in many ways. One is the description that Dr. Roth provides on these markets that are so ignored in economics departments. He provides a decent discussion and analysis as to how they work. In addition he provides a discussion as to what variables affect them (i.e., depth of market, speed required for decision making, etc.) and how. Based on this readers can see what constitutes good and badly functioning markets in these areas. An excellent discussion of these, all the more important, as stated previously, that their existence is barely even mentioned in economics classes.In addition, there is also some discussion relating to institutions and how they are important to well-functioning markets in these areas. This part of the book, however, is relatively weak. It is too short and hence lacks the really in-depth discussion that is really needed. This is also ironic in that the institutional structure of these markets is very important to their functioning.Regarding the audiobook, its reader sounds very much like Dr. Roth. This includes his inflexions, tone, etc. It reminded me of him as I had him as a student. The reader probably attended a lecture or two of his.In conclusion, a very good book for those interested in the functioning of non-price markets.

Who gets what and why gives the reader an idea about how careful structuring of a market place can lead to great improvements in efficiency. The field that the author received the nobel prize in has been growing in importance over the last few decades and there is no doubt that design of market places is something policy makers from the macroeconomic down to the microeconomic sphere should care about. In this book, Alvin Roth goes through examples throughout his career where improving market design has led to better systems for people to live in. It is clear and interesting.The book is split into 4 parts, the first is titled Markets are everywhere. The author starts by describing markets and goes through commodity ideas and how standardizing of products leads to markets that are thick. He discusses how commodity exchanges were set up in the US in Chicago for example and how wheat trades enormous volumes in a standardized fashion. He discusses the coffee market as well which is a nice little insight. The author then moves on to discussing the market for kidneys; an exchange he helped to create. Here is where the reader starts to really get a feel for the work the author has done. The complexity in coordinating kidney transfers is real and the construction of chains of donors who could trade kidneys amongst them in a mutually dependent way turned out to be able to save many lives. The author discusses how the kidney exchanges evolved and how improving the mechanisms for exchange was in everyone's interest.The second section is titled Thwarted Desires in which he describes some market failures. The author starts by discussing how in situations in which there is a first mover advantage, market places can fail as participants try to beat each other in order even though by taking such an action they reduce the amount of information needed to make a decision. Such coordination failures lead to suboptimal selections by both parties. The author discusses some of the subject matter of Flash Boys and by that I mean high frequency finance. He describes why the spending of billions on infrastructure for speed of trading which has no real economic benefits are where markets can also fail. Speed of markets should not in and of itself be the desire for market design. The author finally touches upon making markets safe to transact in such that the rules of the market place are adhered to so that people can trust the mechanism of trade.The author moves into the real market designs that are being used by medical and school systems in part 3. He first discusses how the placement of medical schools was flawed and people were being placed far too early but such an outcome was the inevitable consequence of the issues of part 2 where first mover advantage ruined coordination. The author discusses surgeons as well as urologists and how the culture of the medical field can impact the required solutions to the failures of a market place. The author then discusses the school systems in NY and Boston where he had a direct impact on improving. He discusses the preference list that were being asked of students each year and how the back and forth between students being selected and the city system led to congestion that was inefficient for everyone. The author also discussed Boston which had different problems. But in this section the reader gets a sense of how clever design of markets can lead to better outcomes for everyone.The author then gets into some ethical issues like repugnant markets and brings up horsemeat in California as banned due to its repugnancy by the population in California. The boundaries of what should be eligible for trade are contextual to time and place and things like organs for sale and surrogacy can lead to questions about what broad set of values does the population have and given that what should be allowed to be traded and under what conditions. Once we know what goods and services we want to be transactable having the best market designs to facilitate will lead to better outcomes for those involved. The author convinces the leader through the book that market design can be instrumental in efficiency gains.Who gets what and why is very readable and interesting. Rarely do people talk about market design so its a nice change of pace for a popular economics book. I think anyone who reads this will have a better idea about some of what economists look at as well as how market design can make a world of difference to the outcomes of the marketplace and free market can mean many different things as markets are not all alike.

When I studied economics, I thought it was incredible irrelevant in many ways. It just didn't match what I experienced and observed in the real world. Thankfully, since then, the field of behavioral economics has grown dramatically to help explain the reality of markets. That's why I found Dr. Roth's book very fascinating.For some of the markets explored in the book, I felt I almost needed a scorecard to keep track of the "who gets what and why." Far from being a flaw in the writing, it truly illustrated just how complex some markets are... and how increasingly complex some of them are becoming. Pity the poor folks for whom these market situations are an everyday reality. (I especially had sympathy for the parents who had to make school choices for their children. Looked more akin to gambling!)I think this book has some great insight for the some of the new "sharing" markets where money may not be a deciding factor.It may not be quick read due to the extreme amount of explanation that was sometimes necessary to describe the various markets. But definitely a treat for those who like to dig into behavioral economic issues.

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